The simplified UML diagram above shows the relationships among Java classes Bird, Crow, and Duck. Suppose Bird has a fly(Location place) method, but we want Crows to makeNoise() just before they take off and then behave like other Birds. Assuming Crows have a makeNoise() method, we should

        public void fly(Location place) {
          this.makeNoise();
          super.fly(place);
        } 
        

• Define a fly method in Crow by copying the fly code from Bird then adding in makeNoise() at the start, i.e.

    
            public void fly(Location place) {
              this.makeNoise();
              //[paste the body of Bird's fly method here]
            }
          

• Define a fly method in Crow that just consists of makeNoise(), i.e.

    
            public void fly(Location place) {
              this.makeNoise();
            }
          

• Define a fly method in Crow that just consists of makeNoise() and this.fly(place), i.e.

    
            public void fly(Location place) {
              this.makeNoise();
              this.fly(place);
            }

• Define a fly method in Crow that just consists of makeNoise() and Bird.fly(place); i.e.

    
            public void fly(Location place) {
              this.makeNoise();
              Bird.fly(place);
            }